Secondary Outcome Measures
Eastern Time (ET) is a general term used to describe the areas that observe either the Eastern Standard Time (EST) or Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) in the United States and Canada. ET is not static but switches between EDT and EST. ET is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States because it encompasses 17 U.S. States in the eastern part of the.
:- Converting UTC to EST. This time zone converter lets you visually and very quickly convert UTC to EST and vice-versa. Simply mouse over the colored hour-tiles and glance at the hours selected by the column. UTC stands for Universal Time. EST is known as Eastern Standard Time. EST is 4 hours behind UTC.
- The Time Zone Converter converts times instantly as you type. Convert between major world cities, countries and timezones in both directions.
- Converting EDT to UTC. This time zone converter lets you visually and very quickly convert EDT to UTC and vice-versa. Simply mouse over the colored hour-tiles and glance at the hours selected by the column. EDT stands for Eastern Daylight Time. UTC is known as Universal Time. UTC is 4 hours ahead of EDT.
- Change From Baseline in Fasting Blood Glucose [ Time Frame: Baseline, 16 weeks ]Fasting blood glucose is a test to determine how much glucose (sugar) is in a blood sample after an overnight fast. Least Squares (LS) means of change were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for treatment, combination of oral medications, and baseline.
- Meal Test Glucose Excursion (Change in Blood Glucose to Test Meal) [ Time Frame: Baseline and 16 weeks ]Glucose excursion in response to a standardized solid mixed meal test was evaluated at baseline (randomization) and at Week 16, or at early termination. Each of the 2 standardized meal tests required participants to fast starting at 2200 hours the night prior to the test. A standardized breakfast meal was provided to the participant (approximately 550 kilocalorie [Kcal], 103 grams [g] carbohydrates, 22 g protein, and 8.5 g fat) and was to be consumed within 15 minutes. Serial venous blood samples were taken at the start of the meal (fasting [0]) and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes after the start of the meal. Least Squares (LS) means of change in mean glucose area under the curve excursion following a test meal were calculated adjusting for treatment, combination of oral medications, and baseline.
- Change From Baseline in Daily Mean Blood Glucose Values From the 8-point Self Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles [ Time Frame: 2 separate days in the week preceding the Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 16 visits. ]Change from baseline in mean daily blood glucose values were measured using self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) data collected at the following 8 time points: pre-morning meal; 2 hours post-morning meal; pre-midday meal; 2 hours post-midday meal; pre-evening meal; 2 hours post-evening meal; bedtime; and 2:00 am. The daily mean was calculated as the average of the 8 blood glucose values collected on a particular day. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline of the mean of the 8 time points (Daily Mean) were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for treatment, combination of oral medications, and baseline.
- Change From Baseline in Beta (β)-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity as Estimated by the Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment Method (HOMA2) [ Time Frame: Baseline, 16 weeks ]Homeostasis Model Assessment tool (HOMA2) of β-cell function is a technique for estimating beta-cell function (HOMA2-%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) using basal serum glucose, and c-peptide concentrations. A fasting blood glucose, c-peptide, and serum insulin level were drawn for purposes of this determination just prior to the mixed meal test.
- Percentage of Participants Achieving a Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) of <7% or ≤6.5% [ Time Frame: Baseline and 4 and 8 and 16 weeks ]Percentages of participants who achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of <7% or ≤6.5% were analyzed with a logistic regression model with baseline, combination of oral medications, and treatment as factors included in the model.
- Change From Baseline in Body Weight [ Time Frame: Baseline, 4, 8, and 16 weeks ]LS means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for treatment, combination of oral medications, and baseline.
- Change From Baseline in Waist Circumference [ Time Frame: Baseline, 16 weeks ]Mean change from baseline in waist circumference (a measure of central obesity).
- Nausea and Dyspepsia Measured by Visual Analog Scale [ Time Frame: One week before and one week after each of the Baseline and Week 4 and Week 8 and Week 16 visits ]Participants were asked to score nausea and dyspepsia (abdominal pain and bloating) on a scale of 0 (none) to 100 after the largest meal of the day.
- Change From Baseline in Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) Scores [ Time Frame: Baseline and 4 and 8 and 16 weeks ]Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) is a participant-completed questionnaire designed to assess the severity of symptoms consistent with delayed gastric emptying (nausea/vomiting, abdominal bloating, and stomach fullness) at each study visit. GCSI scores ranged from 0=none, 1=very mild, 2=mild, 3=moderate, 4=severe, to 5=very severe.
- Number of Participants With a Hypoglycemic Event [ Time Frame: Baseline through 4, 8, and 16 weeks ]A documented hypoglycemic episode is defined as an event which is associated with a measured blood glucose of ≤70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (3.9 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]), even if it was not associated with symptoms, signs, or treatment. A severe hypoglycemic episode is defined as an event with a measured blood glucose of <50mg/dL. Participant reports of hypoglycemic events were collected at the beginning of each visit starting at Baseline. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module.
- Rate of Hypoglycemia Per 30 Days [ Time Frame: Baseline through 16 weeks ]Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as an event which is associated with reported signs and/or symptoms of hypoglycemia (for example, sweating, shakiness, tachycardia, etc.) or a documented blood glucose (BG) concentration of ≤70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (3.9 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]), even if it was not associated with symptoms, signs, or treatment. The rate is the average number of days out of 30 that a participant reported hypoglycemia. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module.
- Change From Baseline in Lipids [ Time Frame: Baseline, 16 weeks ]Lipids include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides.
- Participants Perception of Medication Effectiveness Using the Perceptions About Medications - Diabetes, Short Version (PAM-D-S) Questionnaire [ Time Frame: Baseline and 4 and 8 and 16 weeks ]The Perceptions about Medications - Diabetes, Short Version (PAM-D-S) questionnaire consisted of: 2 items in which respondents were asked about their satisfaction with their diabetes medication over the past week using a 6-point scale ranging from 1 'completely dissatisfied' to 6 'completely satisfied'; 10 items in which respondents were asked about the effectiveness of their diabetes medications in the past week using a 4-point scale ranging from 1 'all of the time' to 4 'none of the time'; and 15 items asking respondents to indicate the frequency of physical side effects in the past week using a 4-point scale ranging from 1 'all of the time' to 4 'none of the time.' These items were exploratory items taken from a Diabetes Medicines Survey and had not been validated as a scale. The percentage of participants that rated their general health as good or better are summarized.
- Validation of the Psychometric Properties of the Perceptions About Medications - Diabetes, Short Version (PAM-D-S) Questionnaire [ Time Frame: Baseline and 4 and 8 and 16 weeks ]This purpose of this outcome measure was to validate the PAM-D-S questionnaire for future use. Please refer to Outcome Measure #14 for a description of the PAM-D-S questionnaire and results collected. A preliminary analysis indicated modifications to the questionnaire were required and further study is necessary to complete the validation. Therefore, the PAM-D-S questionnaire was not validated as a part of Study H9X-MC-GBCJ.
- Pharmacokinetics (PK) of LY2189265 - Area Under the Concentration Time Curve (AUC) [ Time Frame: Time zero to 168 hours after study drug administration at 4, 8, and 16 weeks ]The population mean estimates and standard deviations were calculated for pharmacokinetic parameters (area under the concentration time curve [AUC] at steady state from time zero to 168 hours after study drug administration).
Time Difference
Eastern Daylight Time is 4 hours behind of Universal Time Coordinated
4:30 am04:30 in EDT is 8:30 am08:30 in UTC
EST to UTC call time
Best time for a conference call or a meeting is between 8am-1pm in EST which corresponds to 1pm-6pm in UTC
4:30 am04:30 Eastern Daylight Time (EDT). Offset UTC -4:00 hours
8:30 am08:30 Universal Time Coordinated (UTC). Offset UTC 0:00 hours
4:30 am04:30 EDT / 8:30 am08:30 UTC
EDT | UTC |
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12am (midnight) | 4am |
1am | 5am |
2am | 6am |
3am | 7am |
4am | 8am |
5am | 9am |
6am | 10am |
7am | 11am |
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9am | 1pm |
10am | 2pm |
11am | 3pm |
12pm (noon) | 4pm |
1pm | 5pm |
2pm | 6pm |
3pm | 7pm |
4pm | 8pm |
5pm | 9pm |
6pm | 10pm |
7pm | 11pm |
8pm | 12am (midnight) |
9pm | 1am |
10pm | 2am |
11pm | 3am |
0:00 | 4:00 |
1:00 | 5:00 |
2:00 | 6:00 |
3:00 | 7:00 |
4:00 | 8:00 |
5:00 | 9:00 |
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19:00 | 23:00 |
20:00 | 0:00 |
21:00 | 1:00 |
22:00 | 2:00 |
23:00 | 3:00 |
Eastern Standard Time
Offset: EST is 5 hours behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and is used in North America
Countries: It is used in following countries: Bahamas, Canada, Haiti, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Mexico, Panama, Turks & Caicos Is, United States
Principal Cities: The largest city in the EST timezone is New York City from USA with population about 8.175 million people. Other major cities in the area are Toronto, Montreal, Brooklyn, Borough of Queens Dreamweaver xampp localhost.
Daylight Saving: This is a standard timezone, however during summer some places adjust time for one hour forward for daylight saving and observe Eastern Daylight Time (EDT).
End: EST ended and clocks were set one hour forward on Sunday, 14 March 2021, at 2:00 (2:00 am) local time.
Start: EST starts and clocks are set one hour back on Sunday, 07 November 2021, at 2:00 (2:00 am) local time.
French: HNE - Heure Normale de l'Est
Spanish: ET - Tiempo del Este, ET - Zona Sureste
EST representations, usage and related time zones
- -05 - basic short
- -0500 - basic
- -05:00 - extended
5pm Est To Utc+2
- -0500 - sign character (-) followed by a four digit time providing hours (05) and minutes (00) of the offset. Indicates five hour and zero minutes time differences to the west of the zero meridian.
- Romeo - Military abbreviation for EST
- R - short form of 'Romeo'
- America/Atikokan
- America/Cancun
- America/Cayman
- America/Coral_Harbour
- America/Detroit
- America/Fort_Wayne
- America/Grand_Turk
- America/Indiana/Indianapolis
- America/Indiana/Marengo
- America/Indiana/Petersburg
- America/Indiana/Vevay
- America/Indiana/Vincennes
- America/Indiana/Winamac
- America/Indianapolis
- America/Iqaluit
- America/Jamaica
- America/Kentucky/Louisville
- America/Kentucky/Monticello
- America/Louisville
- America/Montreal
- America/Nassau
- America/New_York
- America/Nipigon
- America/Panama
- America/Pangnirtung
- America/Port-au-Prince
- America/Thunder_Bay
- America/Toronto
- Canada/Eastern
- EST
- EST5EDT
- Jamaica
- US/East-Indiana
- US/Eastern
- US/Michigan
- CDT - Central Daylight Time
- EST - Eastern Standard Time
- ET - Eastern Time
- COT - Colombia Time
- CST - Cuba Standard Time
- EASST - Easter Island Summer Time
- ECT - Ecuador Time
- PET - Peru Time
- R - Romeo Time Zone
- GMT - GMT-05:00
- -05 -
Universal Time Coordinated
Offset: UTC is 0 hours ahead Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and is used in Universal
Principal Cities: The largest city in the EST timezone is New York City from USA with population about 8.175 million people. Other major cities in the area are Toronto, Montreal, Brooklyn, Borough of Queens Dreamweaver xampp localhost.
Daylight Saving: This is a standard timezone, however during summer some places adjust time for one hour forward for daylight saving and observe Eastern Daylight Time (EDT).
End: EST ended and clocks were set one hour forward on Sunday, 14 March 2021, at 2:00 (2:00 am) local time.
Start: EST starts and clocks are set one hour back on Sunday, 07 November 2021, at 2:00 (2:00 am) local time.
French: HNE - Heure Normale de l'Est
Spanish: ET - Tiempo del Este, ET - Zona Sureste
EST representations, usage and related time zones
W3C/ISO-8601: International standard covering representation and exchange of dates and time-related data- -05 - basic short
- -0500 - basic
- -05:00 - extended
5pm Est To Utc+2
- -0500 - sign character (-) followed by a four digit time providing hours (05) and minutes (00) of the offset. Indicates five hour and zero minutes time differences to the west of the zero meridian.
- Romeo - Military abbreviation for EST
- R - short form of 'Romeo'
- America/Atikokan
- America/Cancun
- America/Cayman
- America/Coral_Harbour
- America/Detroit
- America/Fort_Wayne
- America/Grand_Turk
- America/Indiana/Indianapolis
- America/Indiana/Marengo
- America/Indiana/Petersburg
- America/Indiana/Vevay
- America/Indiana/Vincennes
- America/Indiana/Winamac
- America/Indianapolis
- America/Iqaluit
- America/Jamaica
- America/Kentucky/Louisville
- America/Kentucky/Monticello
- America/Louisville
- America/Montreal
- America/Nassau
- America/New_York
- America/Nipigon
- America/Panama
- America/Pangnirtung
- America/Port-au-Prince
- America/Thunder_Bay
- America/Toronto
- Canada/Eastern
- EST
- EST5EDT
- Jamaica
- US/East-Indiana
- US/Eastern
- US/Michigan
- CDT - Central Daylight Time
- EST - Eastern Standard Time
- ET - Eastern Time
- COT - Colombia Time
- CST - Cuba Standard Time
- EASST - Easter Island Summer Time
- ECT - Ecuador Time
- PET - Peru Time
- R - Romeo Time Zone
- GMT - GMT-05:00
- -05 -
Universal Time Coordinated
Offset: UTC is 0 hours ahead Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and is used in Universal
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the world time standard that regulates clocks and time. It is successor to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). For casual use, UTC is the same as GMT, but is used by the scientific community.
UTC is the time standard commonly used across the world since 1972. It is used in many technical fields, like aviation industry and meteorologists, also used to synchronize time across internet networks.
UTC representations, usage and related time zones
W3C/ISO-8601: International standard covering representation and exchange of dates and time-related data- Z - is the zone designator for the zero UTC/GMT offset, also known as 'Zulu' time
- +00 - basic short
- +0000 - basic
- +00:00 - extended
- +0000 - sign character (+) followed by a four digit time providing hours (00) and minutes (00) of the offset. Indicates zero hour and zero minutes time differences of the zero meridian.
5pm Est To Utc-7
- Zulu - Military abbreviation for UTC
- Z - short form of 'Zulu'
- Etc/UCT
- Etc/UTC
- Etc/Universal
- Etc/Zulu
- UCT
- UTC
- Universal
- Zulu
5pm Est To Utc Converter
- EGST - Eastern Greenland Summer Time
- GMT - Greenwich Mean Time
- WET - Western European Time
- AZOST - Azores Summer Time
- UTC - Universal Time Coordinated
- WT - Western Sahara Standard Time
- Z - Zulu Time Zone
- GMT - GMT
- +00 -